Cloud Virtualization NFV Networking

ROADM: Reconfigurable Add Drop Multiplexer traditionally used in conjunction with DWDM system, basically to convert Optical signan to Electrical signal. recently on order to selectively convert a single optical signal of a specific wavelength, it has been used. ROADM consist of 3 basic component 1. Wavelength selective switch 2. Amplifier  3. Channel Monitor Here you can see, ROADM are used to at both end to convert electrical signal in to optical Here you can see that electrical signal is further converted in by other network devices , Like Model Digital to Analog, Passed to firewall, router and switch inside a network and finally data is delivered to specific device/computer/system

Router: Layer 3 device of OSI model, deals with communication via IP address, Private Network, public network etc. routing protocols OSPF, etc are used, with concepts like routing tables. DNS: Domain Name server DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ======================================================================== NETWORKS , SUBNETWORKS and ROUTE                                   ROUTING TABLE  Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface default             gateway             0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 em2 15.15.0.0       10.10.4.99      255.255.255.0   UG     0      0        0 em3 ESSENCE of routing table : Which is the next HOP/Router for the current packet. How it decides ? it looks at current packet's destination address, say 15.15.0.1, it search for all Destination IP and Subnet, its does AND Operation of "Destination" and  "Genmask" to see, if it

Idea: Allow multiple types of data to travel over a same media, by using Mux and demux methodology SONET/SDH :  Electrical signal transmission WDM : Allot different signal a different wavelength Over optical fibre , laser lights travels over wire. Multiple wavelength lights dont interfere with each other while travelling in same media. Prims is used for multiplexing, multiple optical lights of different wavelength , with some angle adjustment, so that all lights come out of prism at same end point and travel straight in to fibre optic pipes. FDM: Allot different signal a different FREQUENCY TDM: Allot different signal a different Timeslot